Galliformes

This order includes what are commonly known as Gallinaceae, i.e. hens, turkeys, guinea fowls, quails, pheasants, ptarmigans, quail, peacocks, etc. There are about 300 species in this group, which are found ubiquitously in almost all environments. They are terrestrial and are rather reluctant fliers, although some species are very efficient flyers. In many cases, there is considerable dimorphism between the female and the male, with the latter often sporting larger and more colourful feathers. Some Gallinaceae have caruncles and crests, as well as dewclaws on their legs. They form the sister group to Anseriformes, with which they form the basal clade of all Neognath birds defined by the presence of a keel bone, i.e. all modern birds except for Struthioniformes.